Imirasire y'izuba isobanura ingero nikoreshwa
Igisobanuro cyingufu zizuba nimbaraga zituruka ku zuba kandi dushobora gufata dukesha imirasire yizuba.Igitekerezo cy'ingufu z'izuba gikunze gukoreshwa mu kwerekana ingufu z'amashanyarazi cyangwa ubushyuhe buboneka hakoreshejwe imirasire y'izuba.
Inkomoko yingufu zerekana isoko yambere yingufu kwisi.Kuberako ari isoko idashira, ifatwa nkingufu zishobora kubaho.
Muri izo mbaraga, izindi mbaraga nyinshi zikomoka, nka:
Ingufu z'umuyaga, zikoresha imbaraga z'umuyaga.Umuyaga ubyara iyo izuba rishyushye cyane.
Ibicanwa biva mu kirere: biva mu nzira ndende cyane yo kubora ibinyabuzima kama.Ibinyabuzima byangirika ahanini byari fotosintezeza ibimera.
Ingufu za Hydraulic, zikoresha ingufu zamazi.Hatabayeho imirasire y'izuba, uruziga rw'amazi ntirwashoboka.
Ingufu zituruka kuri biomass, na none, ni ibisubizo bya fotosintezeza yibimera.
Ubu bwoko bwingufu zishobora kuvugururwa nubundi buryo bwa lisansi y’ibisohoka idasohora imyuka ya parike nka karuboni ya dioxyde.
Ingero z'ingufu z'izuba
Ingero zimwe zingufu zizuba zirimo ibi bikurikira:
Imirasire y'izuba ya Photovoltaque itanga amashanyarazi;ibi bikoresho bikoreshwa mumazu, ahantu h'imisozi, nibindi.
Amashanyarazi ya Photovoltaque: ni kwagura cyane panne ya PV igamije kubyara amashanyarazi yo gutanga amashanyarazi.
Imodoka izuba ikoresha selile PV kugirango ihindure imirasire yizuba mumashanyarazi kugirango itware moteri yamashanyarazi.
Abateka izuba: bikozwe muri sisitemu ya parabolike kugirango bahuze urumuri rwizuba kugeza aho bazamura ubushyuhe kandi babashe guteka.
Sisitemu yo gushyushya: hamwe ningufu zumuriro wizuba, amazi arashobora gushyuha ashobora gukoreshwa mumashanyarazi.
Gushyushya pisine byo koga ni umuyoboro woroheje wamazi aho amazi azenguruka kumurongo wizuba ryizuba ryizuba ryizuba.
Ibiharuro: Bimwe mubikoresho bya elegitoronike bifite imirasire y'izuba ntoya kugirango itange amashanyarazi kumashanyarazi.
Umuyaga ukomoka ku mirasire y'izuba ni ubwoko bw'ingufu z'izuba zikoresha ubushyuhe bw'izuba mu guhumeka umwanya.Bikunze gukoreshwa mumazu no mumazu kugirango azamure ikirere kandi agabanye ibiciro byingufu.Guhumeka izuba birashobora gukoreshwa muguhumeka icyumba kimwe cyangwa inyubako yose.
Photosynthesis ninzira karemano ibimera bikoresha muguhindura ingufu zizuba ingufu za chimique.
Ubwoko bw'ingufu z'izuba
Hariho ubwoko butatu bwikoranabuhanga ryizuba:
Imirasire y'izuba ya Photovoltaque: Imirasire y'izuba ya PV igizwe nibikoresho, iyo imirasire y'izuba ikubise, ikarekura electron kandi ikabyara amashanyarazi.
Amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba: Sisitemu ikoresha imbaraga z'ubushyuhe bw'imirasire y'izuba.Imirasire y'izuba ihindurwamo ingufu zumuriro kugirango zishyuhe amazi ashobora gukoreshwa mugushyushya amazi ashyushye murugo.Mu mashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba, havamo umwuka, hanyuma, amashanyarazi.
Ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba ni umutungo wo gukoresha ubushyuhe bw'izuba udakoresheje ibikoresho byo hanze.Kurugero, abubatsi barashobora kwerekera amazu bagahitamo aho bashyira Windows, urebye aho imirasire yizuba izakirwa.Ubu buhanga buzwi nkubwubatsi bwa bioclimatike.
Nigute ingufu z'izuba zitangwa?
Dufatiye ku buryo bw'umubiri, ingufu z'izuba zikorerwa izuba binyuze mu ruhererekane rw'ibisubizo bya kirimbuzi.Iyo izo mbaraga zitugeze kwisi, turashobora kubyungukiramo muburyo bwinshi:
Imirasire y'izuba hamwe na selile yifotora.Ikibaho cya Photovoltaque gikozwe mubikoresho, iyo byakiriye urumuri, ionize kandi ikarekura electron.Muri ubu buryo, imirasire y'izuba ihinduka ingufu z'amashanyarazi.
Gukoresha imirasire y'izuba yagenewe guhindura imirasire y'izuba mumashanyarazi.Intego yacyo ni ugushyushya amazi azenguruka imbere.Muriki kibazo, ntabwo dufite amashanyarazi, ariko dufite amazi mubushyuhe bwo hejuru bushobora gukoreshwa mubisabwa byinshi.
Imirasire y'izuba yibanze ni sisitemu yerekana urumuri rwose rw'izuba kugeza aho rwerekeza kugirango ubushyuhe bwo hejuru.Iri koranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu bimera bya thermosolar kubyara ingufu.
Imirasire y'izuba ya pasiporo ikoresha ingufu z'izuba nta zindi zinjiza hanze.Kurugero, ibishushanyo mbonera byemerera imirasire yizuba ntarengwa mugihe cyimbeho kandi ikirinda ubushyuhe bukabije mugihe cyizuba.
Ubwoko bw'izuba
Ijambo imirasire y'izuba rikoreshwa muburyo bwombi (Photovoltaque na thermal).Ibyo ari byo byose, igishushanyo kiratandukanye cyane bitewe n'ubwoko bw'ikoranabuhanga ry'izuba rigiye gukoreshwa:
Imirasire y'izuba ikoresha imirasire y'izuba kugirango ishyushya amazi yohereza ubushyuhe mumazi hanyuma ashyushya amazi.Imirasire y'izuba ikoreshwa mumazu kugirango ibone amazi ashyushye.
Ikibaho cya Photovoltaque gikoresha imiterere yibice bya semiconductor byashyizwe mumirasire y'izuba.Imirasire y'izuba itanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi iyo ikorewe imirasire y'izuba.Bitewe nicyo bita ingaruka zifotora, guhura nizuba bitera kugenda kwa electron mubice (mubisanzwe silicon), bikabyara amashanyarazi ahoraho.
Imirasire y'izuba ikoresha kandi urukurikirane rw'indorerwamo za parabolike zifite umurongo.Intego y'izi ndorerwamo ni uguhuza imirasire y'izuba ahantu hibandwa kugirango igere ku bushyuhe buri hejuru kuburyo butanga umwuka.
Imikoreshereze y'izuba
Gukoresha imbaraga z'izuba: Imiyoboro ya Photovoltaics
Imirasire y'izuba ifite imikoreshereze myinshi hamwe nibisabwa bishobora kuvunagurwa mubice bitatu:
Amazi ashyushye murugo DHW
Gushyushya amazi yizuba bikoreshwa mugutanga amazi ashyushye murugo (DHW) no gushyushya ingo hamwe ninyubako nto.Amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y'izuba yubatswe ko, akoresheje amashyanyarazi, ahindura ubushyuhe bwabitswe mu mashanyarazi.
Nyamara, izo prototypes ntizakoreshejwe cyane kubera imikorere mike yibi bigo byamashanyarazi ugereranije nigiciro kinini hamwe n’amashanyarazi adasanzwe.
Amashanyarazi
Amashanyarazi ya Photovoltaque akoreshwa mumirasire yizuba yitaruye kubikoresho byamashanyarazi kure yumurongo wamashanyarazi (icyogajuru, umwanya wa terefone usubiramo, nibindi).Zikoreshwa kandi mubisabwa hamwe ningufu nkeya zisaba ko umuyoboro wamashanyarazi utaba ubukungu (ibimenyetso byamatara, metero zihagarara, nibindi).
Ibi bikoresho bigomba kuba bifite ibikoresho byegeranya ubushobozi bwo kwegeranya amashanyarazi arenze ku manywa kugirango akoreshe ibikoresho nijoro no mugihe cyibicu, ubusanzwe bateri yizuba.
Zikoreshwa kandi muri sisitemu nini ihuza imiyoboro, nubwo amashanyarazi ahinduka mubihe bya buri munsi nibihe.Kubwibyo, biragoye guhanura kandi ntabwo ari programable.
Uku kudahagarika bituma bigora guhaza amashanyarazi igihe icyo aricyo cyose, usibye umusaruro ufite umutekano muke hejuru yumwaka ukenewe.Nyamara, kubera ko ari impinga y’umusaruro w’amashanyarazi akomoka ku mirasire y’izuba mu cyi, irashobora guhaza ibyifuzo byimbere mu gihugu bitewe n’ubushyuhe.
Ni ibihe byiza n'ibibi by'ingufu z'izuba?
Gukoresha ingufu z'izuba bikubiyemo ibyiza n'ibibi byihariye.
Kunegura cyangwa gusubira inyuma ni:
Igiciro kinini cyishoramari kuri kilowatt yabonetse.
Itanga imikorere myiza cyane.
Imikorere yabonetse biterwa na gahunda yizuba, ikirere, na kalendari.Kubera iyo mpamvu, biragoye kumenya ingufu z'amashanyarazi tuzashobora kubona mugihe runaka.Iyi ngaruka ibura hamwe nandi masoko yingufu, nkingufu za kirimbuzi cyangwa ingufu za fosile.
Ingano yingufu bisaba gukora imirasire yizuba.Gukora panne ya Photovoltaque bisaba ingufu nyinshi, akenshi ukoresheje ingufu zidasubirwaho nkamakara.
Kurundi ruhande, ugomba gusuzuma ibyiza byingufu zizuba:
Ababunganira bashyigikira kugabanya ibiciro no kunguka neza bitewe nubukungu bwikigereranyo niterambere ryikoranabuhanga mumirasire yizuba.
Ku bijyanye no kubura ayo masoko y'ingufu nijoro, berekana kandi ko impanuro ntarengwa yo gukoresha amashanyarazi igerwaho ku manywa, ni ukuvuga mu gihe cyo gutanga ingufu nyinshi z'izuba.
Nisoko yingufu zishobora kubaho.Muyandi magambo, ntibishoboka.
Ni ingufu zidahumanya: ntabwo zitanga imyuka ihumanya ikirere, bityo rero, ntabwo igira uruhare mu kongera ikibazo cy’imihindagurikire y’ikirere.
Umwanditsi: Gahunda ya Oriol - Ingeniyeri ya Tekinike Yinganda
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-27-2023