Amateka y'ingufu z'izuba

Izuba ryinshi ryizuba ni ingufu z'izuba? Amateka y'ingufu z'izuba

Mu mateka yose, ingufu z'izuba zamye mu buzima bw'isi. Iyi soko yingufu yamye ari ngombwa mugutezimbere ubuzima. Igihe kirenze, ikiremwamuntu kigenda neza ku ngamba zo gukoresha.

Izuba ningirakamaro kugirango ubuzima bwubuzima buri ku isi. Afite inshingano zo kuzenguruka amazi, fotosintezeza, nibindi

Inkomoko ihanwa yingero zingufu - (reba iyi)
Imico ya mbere yamenye ko ariyi migambi yo gukoresha imbaraga zabo nazo zahindutse.

Ubwa mbere bari tekinike yo gukoresha ingufu zizuba. Ubuhanga nyuma bwateguwe kugirango ikoreshe imbaraga zubushyuhe buturuka ku mirasire y'izuba. Nyuma, ingufu za Photovoltaic zongeweho kugirango zibone ingufu z'amashanyarazi.

Imbaraga z'izuba zavumbuwe ryari?
Izuba ryamye ari ikintu cyingenzi cyiterambere ryubuzima. Imico ya mbere cyane yafashe inyungu mu buryo butaziguye kandi utabizi.

Amateka y'izuba izuba, umubare munini w'imico myinshi yateye imbere yateye imbere amadini menshi yigometse ku nyenyeri y'izuba. Kenshi na kenshi, Ubwubatsi bwanafitanye isano rya bugufi n'izuba.

Ingero z'ibyo mico twasanga mu Bugereki, Misiri, Ingoma ya Inca, Mezopotamiya, Ingoma ya Aztec, n'ibindi.

Ingufu z'izuba
Abagereki ni bo ba mbere bakoresheje imbaraga z'izuba runaka muburyo bubi.

Hafi, guhera mu mwaka wa 400 mbere ya Kristo, Abagereki bamaze gutangira gutuma amazu yabo azirikana imirasire y'izuba. Izi ni zo ntangiriro za umwubatsi ubwubatsi.

Mu Ingoma y'Abaroma, ikirahuri cyakoreshejwe ku nshuro ya mbere muri Windows. Byakozwe kugirango byungukire urumuri rwizuba n'umutego mu ngo. Ndetse bashyizeho ndetse bashyiraho penani yo guhagarika amashanyarazi kubaturanyi.

Abanyaroma ni bo bambere bubaka amazu y'ibirahure cyangwa icyatsi. Uku kubaka kwemerera kurema ibintu bikwiye kugirango hamenyekane ibimera bidasanzwe cyangwa imbuto zazanye kure. Izi nyubako ziracyakoreshwa muri iki gihe.

Amateka y'ingufu z'izuba

Ubundi buryo bwo gukoresha imirasire bwakozwe mbere na Archimede. Mu mvuka ye ya gisirikare yateguye gahunda yo gutwika amato y'ubwato. Tekinike igizwe no gukoresha indorerwamo zo kwibanda ku musaruro w'izuba ku ngingo imwe.
Ubu buhanga bwakomeje kunonosorwa. Mu 1792, Lavoisier yaremye itanura ryizuba. Byari bigizwe n'inzira ebyiri zikomeye zifata imirasire y'izuba mu kwibanda.

Mu 1874, Charles Wilson yateguye kandi ayobora kwishyiriraho kubera gutandukana kw'amazi yo mu nyanja.

Ni ryari abakumbirwa b'izuba bavumbuwe? Amateka y'ingufu z'izuba
Ingufu z'izuba zifite ikibanza mu mateka y'izuba kuva mu mwaka wa 1767. Muri uyu mwaka Horace bénédict de, Horace Bénédict de Saussure yahimbye igikoresho cy'izuba gishobora gupimwa n'imirasire y'izuba ishobora gupimwa. Iterambere ryinshi ryivumbuwe rye ryabyaye ibikoresho byuyu munsi byo gupima imirasire y'izuba.

Amateka y'imirasire y'izuba Bénédict de Suuspure yahimbye umukunzi w'izuba azaba afite ingaruka zikomeye ku iterambere ry'ingufu z'ubushyuhe bwo hasi. Kuva ivumbuwe rye rizagaragara imbere yakurikiyeho ibipamba by'amazi meza y'izuba. Ivumbuno ryari rivuga ibisanduku bishyushye bikozwe mu biti n'ikirahure hagamijwe guhagarika ingufu z'izuba.

Mu 1865, abafaransa bahimbye Auguste mouchout yaremye imashini ya mbere yahinduye ingufu z'izuba mu mbariro. Urwego rwari rumaze kubyara ibiti binyuze mu matara.

Amateka yingufu zizuba. Ingirabuzimafatizo za mbere
Mu 1838, imirima y'izuba yatose yagaragaye mu mateka y'izuba.

Mu 1838, umuganga w'Abafaransa Alexandre Edmond Becquerel yavumbuye ingaruka za Photovelultaic kunshuro yambere. Becquel yagerageje hamwe na selile ya electrolytic hamwe na electrode ya platine. Yatahuye ko kumenyesha izuba byongera amashanyarazi.

Mu 1873, injeniyeri w'icyongereza Willoughby Smith yavumbuye ingaruka za Phofeterictric muri solide nkoresheje Selenium.

Charles Fritts (1850-1903) yari ibisanzwe na Amerika. Yahawe inguzanyo yo gukora amafoto ya mbere yisi muri 1883. Igikoresho gihindura byizuba mumashanyarazi.

Fritts yateye ishyaka rya Selenium nka semiconductor ifite igice kinini cya zahabu. Ingirabuzimafatizo zavuyemo amashanyarazi kandi zifite imikorere yo guhindura 1% gusa kubera imitungo ya Selenium.

Nyuma yimyaka mike, mu 1877, William Grylls Adams Adams Porofeseri hamwe numunyeshuri we Richard Evans, yamenyesheje selenium kumucyo, yabyaye amashanyarazi. Muri ubu buryo, baremye selile yambere ya POLETILTAIKI.

Amateka y'ingufu z'izuba

Mu 1953, Chilvin Fuller, Gerald Pearson, na Daryl Chapkin yavumbuye selile y'izuba muri Silicon kuri Bell Laborato. Uyu mukagari wabyaye amashanyarazi ahagije kandi neza bihagije kugirango ugabanye ibikoresho bito byamashanyarazi.

Aleksandr Stoletov yubatse selile ya mbere ishingiye kumikorere yo hanze. Yagereranije kandi igihe cyo gusubiza cyafotoye.

Ibara ry'ubucuruzi ryabonetse ntabwo ryagaragaye kugeza mu 1956. Ariko, ikiguzi cyizuba pv cyari kinini cyane kubantu benshi. Ahagana mu 1970, igiciro cya soctovoltaic Slar Panel yagabanutseho 80%.

Kuki gukoresha ingufu z'izuba byatereranywe by'agateganyo?
Hamwe no kuzamuka kwibikwa, ingufu z'izuba zatakaje akamaro. Iterambere ryisi ryagize ikibazo gito cyamakara namavuta no gukoresha imbaraga zidashobora kongerwa.

Gukura kw'inganda z'izuba byari byinshi kugeza hagati ya 50. Muri iki gihe ikiguzi cyo gukuramo ibiti byibisimba nka gaze karemano hamwe namakara byari bike cyane. Kubera iyo mpamvu ikoreshwa ry'ingufu z'ibisimba byabaye akamaro kanini nk'isoko y'ingufu no kubyara ubushyuhe. Imbaraga z'izuba noneho zafatwaga zihenze kandi zigatereranwa intego zinganda.

Ni iki cyatumye gusubira mu mbaraga z'izuba?
Amateka y'imirasire y'izuba atererana, ku mpamvu zifatika, y'izuba ryizuba ryamaze kugeza 70. Impamvu zubukungu zongeye gushyira imbaraga z'izuba ahantu hagaragara mumateka.

Muri iyo myaka igiciro cyibintu byamashyamba byazamutse. Iyi kwiyongera byatumye gusubiramo mu gukoresha ingufu z'izuba hagamijwe amazu n'amazi, ndetse no mu gisekuru cy'amashanyarazi. PatoVeltaic Panel ni ingirakamaro cyane kumazu nta guhuza grid.

Usibye igiciro, bari akaga kuva gutwikwa nabi bishobora kubyara imyuka yuburozi.

Izuba rya mbere rishyushya amazi ashyushye ryapakiwe mu 1891 na Clarence Kemp. Charles Cleey ABBOT mu 1936 yahimbye umusore w'amazi w'izuba.

Intambara yo mu 1990 yo mu 1990 yongereye inyungu mu mbaraga z'izuba nk'inzira ifatika yandikiwe amavuta.

Ibihugu byinshi byahisemo guteza imbere ikoranabuntu ry'izuba. Ahanini kugirango tugerageze guhindura ibibazo byibidukikije biva mumihindagurikire y'ikirere.

Kugeza ubu, hari gahunda y'izuba igezweho nk'imirasi yizuba. Iyi sisitemu nshya irakora neza kandi ihendutse.