Imirasire y'izuba: Ubwoko, Ibyiza n'ibisobanuro

Imirasire y'izuba: Ubwoko, Ibyiza n'ibisobanuro
Imirasire y'izuba irasobanura: Imbaraga zasohowe n'izuba mu mwanya w'iteranya.

Iyo tuvuze ku mbaraga z'izuba tugera ku isi yacu, dukoresha ibitekerezo byarakaye no kubara. Imirasire y'izuba ni ingufu zakiriwe ahantu (J / M2), imbaraga zakiriwe mugihe runaka. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, izuba ryinshi nimbaraga zakiriwe mukanya - zigaragarira muri Watts kuri metero kare (w / m2)

Imyandikire ya kirimbuzi ibera mucyuma cyizuba kandi nisoko yingufu zizuba. Imirasire ya kirimbuzi itanga imirasire ya electoragnetic kumurongo utandukanye cyangwa uburebure bwamabuye. Amashanyarazi ya electromagnetic akwirakwiza mumwanya kumuvuduko wumucyo (299.792 km / s).
Imirasire y'izuba yashyizwe ahagaragara: urugendo ruto mubwoko n'akamaro k'imirasire y'izuba
Agaciro k'umuntu ni izuba; Imirasire y'izuba ni umubare w'imirasire wakiriwe ako kanya kuri buri gice mu gice cyo hanze cy'ikirere cy'isi mu ndege. Ugereranije, agaciro k'izuba ni 1.366 w / m2.

Ubwoko bw'imirasire y'izuba
Imirasire y'izuba igizwe n'ubwoko bukurikira bw'imirasire:

Imirasire ya infrared (ir): Imirasire ya infrared itanga ubushyuhe kandi igereranya 49% yimirasire yizuba.
Imirasire igaragara (vi): guhagararira 43% yimirase kandi utange urumuri.
Ultraviolet Imirasire (UV Imirasire): ihagarariye 7%.
Ubundi bwoko bwimirasire: bugereranya hafi 1% ya yose.
Ubwoko bwimirasire ya ultraviolet
Na none, ultraviolet (UV) imirasire igabanijwe muburyo butatu:

Ultraviolet a cyangwa uva: banyura mu kirere, bagera ku isi yose.
Ultraviolet B cyangwa UVB: uburebure buciriritse. Ifite ingorane nyinshi zinyura mu kirere. Nkigisubizo, bagera kuri zone ya ekwatoriya vuba kuruta ubushishozi.
Ultraviolet c cyangwa UVC: uburebure buciriritse. Ntibanyura mu kirere. Ahubwo, urwego rwa ozone rurimo.
Umutungo wimirasire yizuba
Imirasire yimirasire yizuba iratangwa muburyo bugari bwa amplitude hamwe nuburyo busanzwe bwinzogera, nkuko bisanzwe mubice byumubiri wirabura bigereranywa. Kubwibyo, ntabwo yibanda kumubare umwe.

Imirasire ntarengwa ishingiye ku itsinda ryimirasire cyangwa itara rigaragara hamwe nimpinga kuri 500 nm hanze yikirere cyisi, ihuye nibara ryicyatsi.

Nk'uko amategeko ya Wien abiteganya, imirasire ikora amafoto ya Amafoto OsCillate iri hagati ya 400 na 700, ijyanye n'imirasire igaragara, kandi ihwanye na 41% yimirasire yose. Mu mirasire ikora Photoyntheticit, hari subband hamwe nimirase:

Ubururu-Violet (400-490 Nm)
icyatsi (490-560 nm)
Umuhondo (560-590 NM)
Orange-Umutuku (590-700 Nm)
Mugihe wambutse ikirere, imirasire y'izuba ikorerwa ibitekerezo, ingwate, kwinjiza, no gukwirakwiza imyuka itandukanye yo mu kirere n'impamyabumenyi.

Ikirere cyisi gikora nkuyungurura. Igice cyo hanze cyikirere gikurura igice cyimirasire, kigaragaza ibisigaye mumwanya wo hanze. Ibindi bintu bikora nkibiyunguruzi ni dioxyde de carbone, ibicu, numwuka wamazi, rimwe na rimwe bihinduka mumirasire ya diffuse.

Tugomba kuzirikana ko imirasire y'izuba atari imwe ahantu hose. Kurugero, uduce dushyuha twakira imirasire yizuba kuko imirasire yizuba iri perpendicular ku isi.

Kuki imirasire y'izuba ikenewe?
Ingufu z'izuba nisoko y'ibanze bityo rero, moteri itwara ibidukikije. Ingufu z'izuba twakira binyuze mu mirasire y'izuba ziraryozwa mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa mu buryo butaziguye mu buryo bw'ibinyabuzima nka fotosintezeza, kubungabunga ubushyuhe bwo mu kirere buhuye n'ubuzima, cyangwa umuyaga.

Ingufu z'izuba ku isi zigera ku isi ni 10,000 zirenze inshuro 10,000 zirenze ingufu kuri ubu zishingiye ku bantu bose.

Nigute imirasire y'izuba igira ingaruka ku buzima?
Imirasire ya ultraviolet irashobora kugira ingaruka zitandukanye kuruhu rwabantu bitewe nuburemere bwayo nuburebure bwimipfunda yacyo.

Imirasire ya UVA irashobora gutera kanseri yurukundo imburagihe. Irashobora kandi gutera ibibazo byamaso na sisitemu yumubiri.

Imirasire ya UVB itera izuba, umwijima, kubyimba kurwego rwo hanze rwuruhu, melanoma, nubundi bwoko bwa kanseri yuruhu. Irashobora kandi gutera ibibazo byamaso na sisitemu yumubiri.

Igice cya ozone kirinda imirasire ya UVC kugera ku isi. Mu murima w'ubuvuzi, imirasire ya UVC irashobora kandi guturuka kumatara cyangwa ibiti bya laser kandi bikoreshwa mukwica mikorobe cyangwa gufasha gukiza ibikomere. Irakoreshwa kandi gufata ibintu bimwe na bimwe byuruhu nka Primosiasi, vitiligo, no kugagirana ku ruhu rutera lymphoma yaciwe T-selile.

Umwanditsi: Oriol Pentas - injeniyeri winganda