Imirasire y'izuba: ubwoko, imiterere n'ibisobanuro
Imirasire y'izuba: ni imbaraga zitangwa n'izuba mu kirere cy'imibumbe.
Iyo tuvuze ingano yingufu zizuba zigera hejuru yisi yacu, dukoresha imishwarara hamwe nibitekerezo.Imirasire y'izuba ni ingufu zakiriwe kuri buri gace (J / m2), imbaraga zakiriwe mugihe runaka.Mu buryo nk'ubwo, imirasire y'izuba ni imbaraga yakiriwe mu kanya - igaragarira muri watts kuri metero kare (W / m2)
Imyuka ya kirimbuzi ibera muri nucleus izuba kandi niyo soko yingufu zizuba.Imirasire ya kirimbuzi itanga imirasire ya electromagnetic kuri radiyo zitandukanye cyangwa uburebure bwumuraba.Imirasire ya electronique ikwirakwiza mu kirere ku muvuduko w'urumuri (299.792 km / s).
Imirasire y'izuba yashyizwe ahagaragara: Urugendo mu bwoko n'akamaro k'imirasire y'izuba
Agaciro kamwe nizuba rihoraho;izuba rihoraho ni ingano yimirasire yakiriwe ako kanya kuri buri gice mubice byo hanze yikirere cyisi mu ndege ihanamye imirasire yizuba.Ugereranije, agaciro k'izuba rihoraho ni 1.366 W / m2.
Ubwoko bw'imirasire y'izuba
Imirasire y'izuba igizwe n'ubwoko bukurikira bw'imirase:
Imirasire yimirasire (IR): Imirasire yimirasire itanga ubushyuhe kandi igereranya 49% yimirasire yizuba.
Imirasire igaragara (VI): igereranya 43% yimirasire kandi itanga urumuri.
Imirasire ya Ultraviolet (imirasire ya UV): igereranya 7%.
Ubundi bwoko bwimirasire: byerekana hafi 1% yumubare wose.
Ubwoko bw'imirasire ya Ultraviolet
Na none, imirasire ya ultraviolet (UV) igabanijwemo ubwoko butatu:
Ultraviolet A cyangwa UVA: Binyura mu kirere byoroshye, bigera ku isi yose.
Ultraviolet B cyangwa UVB: Uburebure-buke.Ifite ingorane nyinshi kunyura mu kirere.Nkigisubizo, bagera kuri zone yuburinganire bwihuse kuruta kurwego rwo hejuru.
Ultraviolet C cyangwa UVC: Uburebure-buke.Ntibanyura mu kirere.Ahubwo, urwego rwa ozone rurabakurura.
Ibyiza by'imirasire y'izuba
Imirasire y'izuba yose ikwirakwizwa mugice kinini cya amplitude idahuje imiterere isanzwe yinzogera, nkuko bisanzwe mubiranga umubiri wumukara hamwe nisoko yizuba.Kubwibyo, ntabwo yibanda kumurongo umwe.
Imirasire ntarengwa yibanze mumirasire yimirasire cyangwa urumuri rugaragara hamwe nimpinga ya 500 nm hanze yikirere cyisi, ibyo bikaba bihuye nibara cyan icyatsi.
Dukurikije amategeko ya Wien, imirasire ikora ya fotosintetike ikora iranyeganyega hagati ya 400 na 700 nm, ihuye nimirasire igaragara, kandi ihwanye na 41% byimirasire yose.Muri fotosintezitike ikora imirasire, hariho imirongo ifite imirasire:
ubururu-violet (400-490 nm)
icyatsi (490-560 nm)
umuhondo (560-590 nm)
orange-umutuku (590-700 nm)
Iyo wambutse ikirere, imirasire yizuba ikorerwa mubitekerezo, kugabanuka, kwinjizwa, no gukwirakwizwa na gaze zitandukanye zo mu kirere kurwego rutandukanye nkumurimo wa frequence.
Ikirere cy'isi gikora nk'ayunguruzo.Igice cy'inyuma cy'ikirere gikurura igice cy'imirasire, kigaragaza ahasigaye mu kirere.Ibindi bintu bikora nk'iyungurura ni karuboni ya dioxyde, ibicu, hamwe numwuka wamazi, rimwe na rimwe bigahinduka imirasire ikwirakwizwa.
Tugomba kuzirikana ko imirasire y'izuba itameze hose.Kurugero, uduce dushyuha twakira imirasire yizuba cyane kuko imirasire yizuba iba hafi ya perpendicular kubutaka bwisi.
Kuki Imirasire y'izuba ikenewe?
Imirasire y'izuba niyo soko y'ibanze y'ingufu, niyo mpamvu, moteri itwara ibidukikije.Imirasire y'izuba twakira binyuze mumirasire y'izuba ishinzwe muburyo butaziguye cyangwa butaziguye kubintu byingenzi mubuzima bwibinyabuzima nka fotosintezeza, kubungabunga ubushyuhe bwikirere bwumubumbe uhuza ubuzima, cyangwa umuyaga.
Ingufu z'izuba ku isi zigera ku isi ziruta incuro 10,000 imbaraga zikoreshwa n'abantu bose.
Imirasire y'izuba igira izihe ngaruka ku buzima?
Imirasire ya Ultraviolet irashobora kugira ingaruka zitandukanye kuruhu rwabantu bitewe nuburemere bwayo nuburebure bwumuraba.
Imirasire ya UVA irashobora gutera uruhu rutaragera na kanseri y'uruhu.Irashobora kandi gutera ibibazo byimikorere yumubiri nubudahangarwa.
Imirasire ya UVB itera izuba, umwijima, kubyimba igice cyinyuma cyuruhu, melanoma, nubundi bwoko bwa kanseri yuruhu.Irashobora kandi gutera ibibazo byimikorere yumubiri nubudahangarwa.
Igice cya ozone kibuza imirasire myinshi ya UVC kugera kwisi.Mu rwego rwubuvuzi, imirasire ya UVC irashobora kandi guturuka kumatara amwe cyangwa urumuri rwa laser kandi ikoreshwa mukwica mikorobe cyangwa gufasha gukiza ibikomere.Ikoreshwa kandi mu kuvura indwara zimwe na zimwe zuruhu nka psoriasis, vitiligo, na nodules kuruhu rutera lymphoma T-selile.
Umwanditsi: Gahunda ya Oriol - Ingeniyeri ya Tekinike Yinganda
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-27-2023