Dukurikije uburyo bwimbaraga zose, ibintu byabigenewe byububiko bwingufu birashobora kugabanywamo ibintu bitatu: kubika ingufu kuruhande rwo kwanduza no gukwirakwiza ingufu, nububiko bwingufu kumukoresha kuruhande. Mubyiciro bifatika, birakenewe gusesengura tekinoloji yo kubika ingufu ukurikije ibisabwa muburyo butandukanye kugirango ubone ikoranabuhanga yo kubika ingufu nyinshi. Uru rupapuro rwibanda ku gusesengura ibintu bitatu byingenzi byo gusaba kububiko bwingufu.
Dukurikije uburyo bwimbaraga zose, ibintu byabigenewe byububiko bwingufu birashobora kugabanywamo ibintu bitatu: kubika ingufu kuruhande rwo kwanduza no gukwirakwiza ingufu, nububiko bwingufu kumukoresha kuruhande. Ibi bintu bitatu birashobora kugabanywamo ibyifuzo nububasha bisabwa kubitekerezo bya Grid yubutegetsi. Ubwoko bw'ingufu muri Mubisanzwe bisaba igihe kirekire cyo gusohora (nkigihe cyingufu shift), ariko ntukeneye igihe kinini cyo gusubiza. Ibinyuranye, ubwoko bwamashanyarazi muri rusange bisaba ubushobozi bwihuse bwo gusubiza, ariko muri rusange igihe cyo gusohora ntabwo ari kirekire (nka sisitemu yo guhinduranya. Mubyiciro bifatika, birakenewe gusesengura tekinoloji yo kubika ingufu ukurikije ibisabwa muburyo butandukanye kugirango ubone ikoranabuhanga yo kubika ingufu nyinshi. Uru rupapuro rwibanda ku gusesengura ibintu bitatu byingenzi byo gusaba kububiko bwingufu.
1. Imbaraga zisekuru
Dukurikije icyerekezo cyigisekuru, icyifuzo cyo kubika ingufu ni uruganda rwingufu. Bitewe n'ingaruka zitandukanye z'amashanyarazi kuri gride, kandi imbaraga zidahuye hagati y'igisekuru n'imbaraga zatewe n'uruhande rw'ingufu zibikwa ku mbaraga ku ruhago, harimo n'imbaraga zihinduka , imitwaro, imitwaro ikurikira, ubwoko butandatu bwibintu, harimo amabwiriza ya sisitemu yo kwishora, hamwe nubushobozi bwa Grid-busa bushoboka.
Imbaraga Igihe cyahindutse
Imbaraga Igihe-Kumurika nukumenya kogosha no kogosha no kuzura imbaraga binyuze mububiko bwingufu, ni ukuvuga, gusohora imbaraga zabitswe mugihe cyimishahara ya peak. Byongeye kandi, kubika umutungo watawe hamwe nimbaraga za Photovoltaic zingufu zishobora kongerwa hanyuma ukayiyobora mubindi bihe byo guhuza na grid nabyo nimbaraga mugihe gihinduka. Imbaraga Igihe-Guhindura ni porogaramu isanzwe ishingiye ku mbaraga. Ntabwo ifite ibisabwa bikomeye mugihe cyo kwishyuza no kwirukana, hamwe nibisabwa imbaraga byo kwishyuza no gusohoka biragutse. Ariko, gusaba igihe cyo guhindura umwanya biterwa nububasha bwumukoresha hamwe nibiranga ingufu zishobora kongerwa. Inshuro ni muremure, inshuro zirenga 300 kumwaka.
Igice
Bitewe nitandukaniro mumutwaro wamashanyarazi mugihe cyibihe bitandukanye, ibice byamashanyarazi byasaga bigomba gukora ubushobozi bwo kogosha, bityo ubushobozi bwamaga bugomba gushyirwaho nkubushobozi bwo guhuza impinga, bukubuza imbaraga zumusozi Ibice byo kugera kubushobozi bwuzuye kandi bigira ingaruka kubukungu bwibikorwa. igitsina. Ububiko bwingufu burashobora gukoreshwa mugushinga mugihe amashanyarazi ari make, kandi kugirango asohoke mugihe impinga zamashanyarazi zigabanya imitwaro. Koresha Ingaruka yo gusimbuza sisitemu yo kubika ingufu kugirango irekure ishami ryarashwe ryinyamanswa, bityo utezimbere igipimo cyimikoreshereze yishami ryubushyuhe no kongera ubukungu bwayo. Ishami ry'ubushobozi ni porogaramu isanzwe ishingiye ku mbaraga. Ntabwo ifite ibisabwa bikomeye kumwanya wo kwishyuza no kurangisho, kandi bisabwa cyane kubijyanye no kwishyuza no gusezerera. Ariko, kubera imbaraga zumukoresha hamwe nubutaka buranga imbaraga zishingiye ku mbaraga zishobora kongerwa, gusaba inshuro imwe yubushobozi ni igihe. Ugereranije hejuru, hafi inshuro 200 mu mwaka.
umutwaro ukurikira
Gukurikirana umutwaro ni serivisi ifasha irahindura kugirango igere kuringaniza-igihe cyo guhinduranya buhoro, ihinduka imitwaro. Gahoro gahoro no gukomeza guhindura imizigo birashobora kugabanywa mumitwaro shingiro nogusunika imizigo ukurikije imiterere nyayo yo kubazwa. Gukurikirana bikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukangura imizigo, ni ukuvuga, muguhindura ibisohoka, umubare wibipimo byingufu gakondo birashobora kugabanuka cyane bishoboka. , kubikemerera guhinduka neza bishoboka kurwego rwo gutanga amabwiriza. Ugereranije n'ubushobozi, umutwaro ukurikira ufite ibisabwa byinshi ku gihe cyo gusubiza, kandi igihe cyo gusubiza gisabwa kuba ku rwego rw'umunota.
Sisitemu FM
Impinduka nyinshi zizagira ingaruka kumikorere itekanye kandi ikora neza nubuzima bwibisenge byamashanyarazi nibikoresho byamashanyarazi, bityo amabwiriza ya kon ni ngombwa cyane. Mu miterere y'ingufu gakondo, ingufu z'ingufu zigihe gito zisumba izindi msya zigengwa n'ibice gakondo (cyane cyane imbaraga zo mu gihugu cyanjye) usubiza ibimenyetso bya AGC. Hamwe no kwinjiza imbaraga nshya muri gride, Guhungabanya no kudahagarika umuyaga numuyaga byakongereye ubusumbane bwingufu mubukorikori mugihe gito. Bitewe numuvuduko wimyitozo gahoro gakondo zikomoka kungufu gakondo (cyane cyane imbaraga zubushyuhe), basubiye inyuma mugusubiza ubutumwa bwa Grid. Rimwe na rimwe, guhuza ibinyuranya bihinduka, bityo ibisabwa bishya ntibishobora kubakwa. Mugereranije, kubika ingufu (cyane cyane ububiko bwa electrochemical) ifite umuvuduko wihuta cyane, kandi bateri irashobora guhinduranya muburyo bwo kwishyuza no gusohora ibihugu no gusohora, bikaba ari uburyo bwiza bwo guhinduranya moduction.
Ugereranije numutwaro ukurikirana, igihe cyo guhindura ibice bya sisitemu yo guhinduranya ni kurwego rwo hejuru (muri rusange kurwego rwamasegonda) AGC. Nyamara, guhinduranya inshuro nyinshi nuburyo busanzwe bwo gukoresha imbaraga, bisaba kwishyuza byihuse no kurangiza mugihe gito. Mugihe ukoresheje ububiko bwa electrochemical, igipimo kinini cyo kwishyuza gisabwa, bityo bizagabanya ubuzima bwa bateri, bityo bikagira ingaruka kubundi bwoko bwa bateri. Ubukungu.
ubushobozi bwikigereranyo
Ubushobozi bubi bwerekana imbaraga zifatika zagenewe ubuziranenge cyangwa imikorere myiza kandi ihamye ya sisitemu mugihe byihutirwa, usibye guhura nibisabwa. Mubisanzwe, ubushobozi bwibigenewe bugomba kuba 15-20% yubushobozi busanzwe bwo gutanga imbaraga za sisitemu, kandi byibuze agaciro kagomba kuba ingana nubushobozi bwigice hamwe nubushobozi bunini bwashyizweho muri sisitemu. Kubera ko ubushobozi bubi bugamije ibyihutirwa, inshuro ngarukamwaka muri rusange muri rusange ziri hasi. Niba bateri ikoreshwa muri serivisi yubushobozi bwo kubika wenyine, ubukungu ntibushobora kwizerwa. Kubwibyo, birakenewe kubigereranya nigiciro cyubushobozi buhari bwo kumenya ikiguzi nyacyo. Ingaruka yo gusimbuza.
Guhuza ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa
Bitewe nubushake nibiranga rimwe na rimwe imbaraga zumuyaga hamwe nimbaraga zamafoto ya Photoveluic, Ubwiza bwabo burababaje kuruta ubw'ingufu gakondo. Kubera ko ihindagurika ry'ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa (ihindagurika rya Frequenct, Ibisohoka Ihindagurika ry'ingufu z'amasegonda, kandi Porogaramu yo mu bwoko bwamasaha, ishobora kugabanywamo ibice bitatu: Ingufu zingufu --Ingirakamaro, imbaraga zishobora kuvugururwa imbaraga, kandi zishobora kuvugururwa imbaraga zisohoka neza. Kurugero, kugirango ukemure ikibazo cyo kureka urumuri rwibisekuru byamashanyarazi, ni ngombwa kubika amashanyarazi asigaye ku manywa yo gusohoka, ari mu bihe by'ingufu bihinduka ingufu zishobora kuvugurura. Ku mbaraga z'umuyaga, kubera ibitateganijwe ku butegetsi bw'umuyaga, umusaruro w'imbaraga z'umuyaga urahindagurika cyane, kandi bigomba kuba byoroshye, bityo bikoreshwa cyane cyane muburyo bwa Power Porogaramu.
2. Uruhande rwa Grid
Gusaba kubika ingufu kuri gride ni ubwoko butatu: Kugabanya no kwanduza no gukwirakwiza ubwinshi, gutinza kwagura imbaraga zo kwanduza amashanyarazi no kugabura. ni ingaruka zisimburwa.
Kugabanya no kwanduza no gukwirakwiza ubwinshi
Umurongo wo kwiyongera bivuze ko umurongo urenga urenze ubushobozi. Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zashyizwe kumurongo. Iyo umurongo uhagaritswe, ingufu z'amashanyarazi zidashobora gutangwa zirashobora kubikwa mubikoresho byo kubika ingufu. Gusohora umurongo. Mubisanzwe, kububiko bwingufu, igihe cyo gusohora gisabwa kuba ku isaha, kandi umubare wibikorwa ufite inshuro 50 kugeza 100. Ni iy'ingufu zishingiye ku mbaraga kandi zifite ibisabwa mu gusubiza, bikaba bigomba kwitabwa ku rwego rw'umunota.
Gutinza kwagura imbaraga zo kwanduza imbaraga no gukwirakwiza
Igiciro cya disdukopi gakondo cya Grid cyangwa Kuzamura Grid no kwaguka ni byinshi cyane. Muri sisitemu yo kwanduza amashanyarazi no gukwirakwiza aho umutwaro uri hafi yubushobozi bwibikoresho, niba gutanga umusaruro bishobora kunyuzwa cyane mugihe cyumwaka, kandi ubushobozi buri munsi yumutwaro mubihe bimwe gusa, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango unyuze mubushobozi buto bwashyizweho. Ubushobozi bushobora kunoza neza imbaraga zo kwanduza amashanyarazi no gukwirakwiza gride, bityo bidindiza ikiguzi cyo kwanduza imbaraga zamashanyarazi no kugabura no kurambura ubuzima bwa serivisi bwibikoresho biriho. Ugereranije no kugabanya induru no gukwirakwiza ubwinshi, gutinza kwagura imbaraga no gukwirakwiza ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza ubutegetsi bifite aho bigufi. Urebye bateri ashaje, ikiguzi gifatika ni hejuru, bityo ibisabwa byinshi bishyirwa imbere yubukungu bwa bateri.
Inkunga yo gukemura
Inkunga y'amashanyarazi yerekana amabwiriza yo kohereza no gutera inshinge cyangwa gukurura imbaraga zo gusubira inyuma ku murongo wo kwanduza no gukwirakwiza. Imbaraga zidahagije cyangwa zirenze urugero zizatera ihindagurika rya voltage ya grid, bigira ingaruka kumiterere yububasha, ndetse no kwangiza ibikoresho byamashanyarazi. Hifashishijwe impinduramatsiko, itumanaho no kugenzura ibikoresho byo kugenzura no kugenzura, bateri irashobora kugenga voltage yumurongo wo kwanduza no gukwirakwiza muguhindura imbaraga zishakisha zibisohoka. Inkunga y'amashanyarazi ni ugusaba imbaraga zisanzwe hamwe nigihe gito cyo gusohora ariko inshuro nyinshi zo gukora.
3. Uruhande
Uruhande rwumukoresha nimpapuro zo gukoresha amashanyarazi, kandi umukoresha ni umuguzi numukoresha w'amashanyarazi. Igiciro ninjiza byibisekuru byamashanyarazi no kwanduza no gukwirakwiza bigaragarira muburyo bwamashanyarazi, buhindurwa mubiciro byabakoresha. Kubwibyo, urwego rwigiciro cyamashanyarazi ruzagira ingaruka kumukoresha. .
Umukoresha Igihe-cyo-Koresha Gucunga Ibiciro byamashanyarazi
Urwego rw'amashanyarazi rugabanya amasaha 24 kumunsi mugihe kinini nkicyiciro, igorofa, kandi hasi, kandi rushyiraho ibiciro byamashanyarazi kuri buri gihe, ni igihe-cyo gukoresha igiciro cyamashanyarazi. Umukoresha Igihe-cyo-Koresha Gucunga Ibiciro byamashanyarazi birasa nigihe cyingufu Igihe-gihinduka nuguhindura igisekuru cyamafashi ukurikije imyobo yikoreza.
Ubushobozi bwo Gucunga ubushobozi
Igihugu cyanjye gishyira mubikorwa ibice bibiri byibiciro bibiri byinganda zinganda mu nganda mu rwego rwo gutanga amashanyarazi: Igiciro cy'amashanyarazi kivuga ku giciro cy'amashanyarazi kivugwa ko amashanyarazi ari cyo ku bijyanye n'amashanyarazi ahanini biterwa n'agaciro gakomeye k'umukoresha gukoresha amashanyarazi. Ubushobozi bwo kugura ubushobozi bivuga kugabanya ubushobozi mugugabanya ibicuruzwa ntarengwa bitabangamiye umusaruro usanzwe. Abakoresha barashobora gukoresha sisitemu yo kubika ingufu kugirango babike ingufu mugihe cyo gukoresha amashanyarazi no gusohora umutwaro mugihe cyigihe, bityo bigabanya umutwaro rusange no kugera ku ntego yo kugabanya ibiciro byubushobozi.
Kunoza Ubwiza
Bitewe na kamere ihindagurika yumutwaro wa sisitemu ya sisitemu hamwe numurongo wibikoresho, imbaraga zabonetse numukoresha zifite ibibazo nkibikoresho bya voltage cyangwa gutandukana. Muri iki gihe, ireme ry'imbaraga ni rikennye. Sisitemu IHURIRO IHURIRO NO NUBWOKO RUKOMEYE BY'AMAFARANGA nuburyo bwo kunoza ubuzima bwiza kuruhande rwigisekuru no kwanduza no gukwirakwiza. Ku ruhande rw'umukoresha, uburyo bwo kubika ingufu burashobora kandi guhungabana neza hamwe no gukoresha ibirango byingufu kugirango bakemure ibibazo nkibikoresho bya voltage, kwibiza, na flicker muri sisitemu ya PhotoVoltaic yatanzwe. Kunoza ubuziranenge bwamashanyarazi nuburyo busanzwe bwamashanyarazi. Isoko ryihariye ryihariye nimikorere ikora iratandukanye ukurikije ibintu nyirizina, ariko muri rusange igihe cyo gusubiza gisabwa kuba kurwego rwa milisecond.
Kunoza Amashanyarazi Kwizerwa
Ububiko bwingufu bukoreshwa mugutezimbere kwizerwa kwa micro-gride . Ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu muri iyi porogaramu bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa ubuziranenge bwo mu rwego rwo hejuru no kwizerwa cyane, kandi igihe cyihariye cyo gusohora gifitanye isano ahanini no kwishyiriraho.
Igihe cya nyuma: Kanama-24-2023