Ibisobanuro birambuye kuri 13 bigabanijwe mubice 3 byingenzi byo kubika ingufu

Urebye kuri sisitemu yingufu zose, ibintu byakoreshejwe mububiko bwingufu birashobora kugabanywamo ibintu bitatu: kubika ingufu kuruhande rwibisekuruza, kubika ingufu kuruhande rwohereza no gukwirakwiza, no kubika ingufu kuruhande rwabakoresha.Mubikorwa bifatika, birakenewe gusesengura tekinoroji yo kubika ingufu ukurikije ibisabwa mubihe bitandukanye kugirango ubone tekinoroji ikwiye yo kubika ingufu.Uru rupapuro rwibanze ku isesengura ryibintu bitatu byingenzi byo kubika ingufu.

Urebye kuri sisitemu yingufu zose, ibintu byakoreshejwe mububiko bwingufu birashobora kugabanywamo ibintu bitatu: kubika ingufu kuruhande rwibisekuruza, kubika ingufu kuruhande rwohereza no gukwirakwiza, no kubika ingufu kuruhande rwabakoresha.Ibi bintu bitatu birashobora kugabanywa mubyifuzo byingufu no gukenera ingufu duhereye kumashanyarazi.Ubwoko bwingufu zisabwa mubisanzwe bisaba igihe kinini cyo gusohora (nkigihe cyo guhinduranya ingufu), ariko ntibisaba igihe cyo gusubiza hejuru.Ibinyuranyo, imbaraga-ubwoko bwibisabwa mubisanzwe bisaba ubushobozi bwihuse bwo gusubiza, ariko muri rusange igihe cyo gusohora ntabwo ari kirekire (nka sisitemu ya modulisiyo yo guhindura).Mubikorwa bifatika, birakenewe gusesengura tekinoroji yo kubika ingufu ukurikije ibisabwa mubihe bitandukanye kugirango ubone tekinoroji ikwiye yo kubika ingufu.Uru rupapuro rwibanze ku isesengura ryibintu bitatu byingenzi byo kubika ingufu.

1. Uruhande rwo kubyara amashanyarazi
Urebye kuruhande rwamashanyarazi, icyifuzo cyo kubika ingufu ni urugomero rwamashanyarazi.Bitewe n'ingaruka zinyuranye zituruka kumashanyarazi atandukanye kuri gride, hamwe no kudahuza imbaraga hagati yumuriro wamashanyarazi nogukoresha amashanyarazi biterwa nimpande zidateganijwe, hariho ubwoko bwinshi bwibisabwa kugirango ubike ingufu kuruhande rwamashanyarazi, harimo nigihe cyo guhinduranya ingufu. , ubushobozi bwibikoresho, umutwaro ukurikira, Ubwoko butandatu bwa ssenariyo, harimo kugenzura sisitemu yumurongo wa sisitemu, ubushobozi bwo gusubira inyuma, hamwe ningufu zihuza ingufu zishobora kuvugururwa.
imbaraga zigihe

Guhinduranya ingufu ni ukumenya kogosha no kwuzuza umubyimba wamashanyarazi binyuze mububiko bwingufu, ni ukuvuga uruganda rwamashanyarazi rwishyuza bateri mugihe gito cyumuriro, kandi ikarekura ingufu zabitswe mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho ingufu.Byongeye kandi, kubika umuyaga watereranywe nimbaraga zifotora zingufu zishobora kongera ingufu hanyuma ukayimurira mubindi bihe kugirango uhuze gride nayo nigihe cyo guhinduranya ingufu.Ingufu zihinduranya nigihe gisanzwe gishingiye kubikorwa.Ntabwo ifite ibyangombwa bisabwa mugihe cyo kwishyuza no gusohora, kandi imbaraga zamashanyarazi zo kwishyuza no gusohora ni nini cyane.Nyamara, ikoreshwa ryubushobozi bwo guhinduranya igihe riterwa nubushobozi bwumukoresha hamwe nibiranga ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu.Inshuro ni ndende cyane, inshuro zirenga 300 kumwaka.
ubushobozi

Bitewe no gutandukanya umutwaro w'amashanyarazi mugihe gitandukanye, amashanyarazi akoreshwa namakara agomba gukora ubushobozi bwo kogosha impinga, bityo umubare munini wubushobozi bwo kubyaza ingufu amashanyarazi ugomba gushyirwa kuruhande nkubushobozi bwimitwaro ijyanye nimpanuka, ikabuza ingufu zumuriro ibice bitagera kububasha bwuzuye kandi bigira ingaruka mubukungu bwimikorere yibice.igitsina.Ububiko bw'ingufu burashobora gukoreshwa mukwishyuza mugihe umutwaro w'amashanyarazi ari muke, no gusohora mugihe amashanyarazi akabije kugirango agabanye umutwaro.Koresha ingaruka zo gusimbuza sisitemu yo kubika ingufu kugirango urekure amashanyarazi akoreshwa n’amakara, bityo uzamure igipimo cy’imikoreshereze y’amashanyarazi y’umuriro kandi wongere ubukungu bwacyo.Igice cyubushobozi nigisanzwe gishingiye ku mbaraga.Ntabwo isabwa cyane mugihe cyo kwishyuza no gusohora, kandi ifite ibisabwa byinshi mubijyanye no kwishyuza no gusohora.Ariko, kuberako imbaraga zumukoresha ziremereye hamwe nimbaraga zitanga ingufu ziranga ingufu zishobora kubaho, inshuro zikoreshwa mubushobozi zirahinduka.Ugereranije, hejuru inshuro 200 mu mwaka.

umutwaro ukurikira

Gukurikirana imizigo ni serivisi ifasha ihinduranya imbaraga kugirango igere ku gihe nyacyo cyo kuringaniza buhoro buhoro, guhora uhindura imitwaro.Guhindura gahoro gahoro no guhora uhindura imizigo irashobora kugabanywa mumitwaro fatizo no kwikorera imitwaro ukurikije imiterere nyayo yimikorere ya generator.Gukurikirana imizigo ikoreshwa cyane cyane mukuzamura imizigo, ni ukuvuga muguhindura ibisohoka, umuvuduko wibice byingufu gakondo birashobora kugabanuka bishoboka., kubyemerera guhinduka muburyo bushoboka kuri gahunda yo gutegeka urwego.Ugereranije nubushobozi bwubushobozi, umutwaro ukurikira ufite ibisabwa byinshi mugihe cyo gusubiza, kandi igihe cyo gusubiza kirasabwa kuba kumunota.

Sisitemu FM

Guhindura inshuro bizagira ingaruka kumikorere itekanye kandi ikora neza nubuzima bwo kubyara amashanyarazi nibikoresho byamashanyarazi, bityo kugenzura inshuro ni ngombwa cyane.Mu miterere gakondo y’ingufu, ubusumbane bwigihe gito bwingufu zamashanyarazi bugengwa nibice gakondo (cyane cyane ingufu zamashanyarazi na hydropower mugihugu cyanjye) mugusubiza ibimenyetso bya AGC.Hamwe no kwinjiza ingufu nshya muri gride, guhindagurika no guhindagurika kwumuyaga numuyaga byongereye ubusumbane bwingufu mumashanyarazi mugihe gito.Bitewe n'umuvuduko mwinshi wo guhinduranya umuvuduko w'ingufu gakondo (cyane cyane ingufu z'amashanyarazi), basigaye inyuma mugusubiza amabwiriza yo kohereza gride.Rimwe na rimwe, Imikorere idahwitse nko guhinduka ihinduka, bityo ibyifuzo bishya byongeweho ntibishobora kuboneka.Mugereranije, kubika ingufu (cyane cyane kubika ingufu za electrochemical power) bifite umuvuduko wihuta wo guhinduranya, kandi bateri irashobora guhinduranya byoroshye hagati yumuriro no gusohora ibintu, bigatuma iba ibikoresho byiza cyane byo guhindura ibintu.
Ugereranije no gukurikirana imizigo, igihe cyo guhindura ibintu bigize sisitemu yumurongo wa modulisiyo iri kurwego rwiminota namasegonda, bisaba umuvuduko mwinshi wo gusubiza (muri rusange kurwego rwamasegonda), kandi uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu bigize imitwaro muri rusange AGC.Nyamara, sisitemu yumurongo wa modulisiyo ni imbaraga zisanzwe zikoreshwa, zisaba kwishyurwa byihuse no gusohora mugihe gito.Iyo ukoresheje ingufu za electrochemical power, hasabwa igipimo kinini cyo gusohora-gusohora, bityo bizagabanya ubuzima bwubwoko bumwe na bumwe bwa bateri, bityo bigire ingaruka kubundi bwoko bwa bateri.ubukungu.

ubushobozi

Ubushobozi bwa rejique bivuga ingufu zingufu zabitswe kugirango harebwe ingufu zamashanyarazi nigikorwa cyiza kandi gihamye cya sisitemu mugihe byihutirwa, usibye kuzuza ibyifuzo byateganijwe.Mubisanzwe, ubushobozi bwikigega bugomba kuba 15-20% yubushobozi busanzwe bwo gutanga amashanyarazi ya sisitemu, kandi byibuze Agaciro kagomba kungana nubushobozi bwikigo gifite ubushobozi bunini bwashyizweho muri sisitemu.Kubera ko ubushobozi bwo kubika bugamije ibihe byihutirwa, inshuro zikorwa zumwaka ni nke.Niba bateri ikoreshwa muri serivisi yubushobozi bwonyine, ubukungu ntibushobora kwizerwa.Kubwibyo, birakenewe kubigereranya nigiciro cyubushobozi buriho kugirango tumenye igiciro nyacyo.Ingaruka zo gusimbuza.

Guhuza imiyoboro yingufu zishobora kubaho

Bitewe nuburyo budasanzwe buranga ingufu z'umuyaga no kubyara amashanyarazi, ubwiza bwabyo ni bubi kuruta ubw'amasoko gakondo.Kuva ihindagurika ryingufu zishobora kongera ingufu (guhindagurika kwinshuro, guhindagurika gusohora, nibindi) biva kumasegonda kugeza kumasaha, porogaramu zisanzwe zamashanyarazi nazo zifite ubwoko bwingufu zikoreshwa, zishobora kugabanywamo muburyo butatu: ingufu zingufu zishobora kongera igihe -guhindura, ingufu zishobora kongera ingufu imbaraga zo gukomera, hamwe ningufu zishobora kongera ingufu zoroha.Kurugero, kugirango dukemure ikibazo cyo gutererana urumuri mumashanyarazi yumuriro wamashanyarazi, birakenewe kubika amashanyarazi asigaye yatanzwe kumanywa kugirango asohore nijoro, ibyo bikaba ari igihe cyo guhindura ingufu zingufu.Ku mbaraga z'umuyaga, bitewe nuburyo butateganijwe bwingufu zumuyaga, umusaruro wumuyaga uhindagurika cyane, kandi ugomba koroshya, kubwibyo ukoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byubwoko bwimbaraga.

Uruhande rwa gride
Gukoresha ububiko bwingufu kuruhande rwa gride nubwoko butatu: kugabanya ubwinshi bwokwirakwiza no gukwirakwiza ubukana, gutinda kwaguka kwamashanyarazi no gukwirakwiza ibikoresho, no gushyigikira ingufu zidasanzwe.ni Ingaruka zo Gusimbuza.
Kugabanya kwanduza no gukwirakwiza ubukana

Umurongo wuzuye bivuze ko umutwaro wumurongo urenze ubushobozi bwumurongo.Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu yashyizwe hejuru yumurongo.Iyo umurongo uhagaritswe, ingufu z'amashanyarazi zidashobora gutangwa zishobora kubikwa mubikoresho bibika ingufu.Gusohora umurongo.Mubisanzwe, kuri sisitemu yo kubika ingufu, igihe cyo gusohora gisabwa kuba kurwego rwisaha, kandi umubare wibikorwa ni inshuro 50 kugeza 100.Nibikorwa bishingiye ku mbaraga kandi bifite ibisabwa bimwe mugihe cyo gusubiza, bigomba gusubizwa kurwego rwiminota.

Gutinda kwagura ibikoresho byohereza no gukwirakwiza ibikoresho

Igiciro cyo guteganya imiyoboro gakondo cyangwa kuzamura gride no kwaguka ni byinshi cyane.Muri sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi aho umutwaro uri hafi yubushobozi bwibikoresho, niba imizigo ishobora guhazwa igihe kinini mumwaka, kandi ubushobozi buri munsi yumutwaro gusa mugihe runaka, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu. irashobora gukoreshwa mugutambutsa ubushobozi buto bwashizweho.Ubushobozi bushobora kuzamura neza uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi no gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi, bityo bikadindiza igiciro cyibikoresho bishya byohereza no gukwirakwiza no kongera igihe cya serivisi cyibikoresho bihari.Ugereranije no kugabanya ihererekanyabubasha no gukwirakwiza ubukana, gutinza kwagura amashanyarazi no gukwirakwiza ibikoresho bifite inshuro nke yo gukora.Urebye gusaza kwa bateri, igiciro gihinduka ni kinini, bityo ibisabwa byinshi bishyirwa imbere mubukungu bwa bateri.

Inkunga ifatika

Inkunga y'amashanyarazi isobanura amabwiriza yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi mugutera cyangwa gukuramo imbaraga zidasanzwe kumirongo no gukwirakwiza.Imbaraga zidahagije cyangwa zirenze urugero zizatera ihindagurika rya voltage ya gride, bigira ingaruka kumiterere yumuriro, ndetse byangiza ibikoresho byamashanyarazi.Hifashishijwe inverteri yingirakamaro, itumanaho nigikoresho cyo kugenzura, bateri irashobora kugenga voltage yumurongo wogukwirakwiza no gukwirakwiza muguhindura imbaraga zidasanzwe ziva hanze.Inkunga yingufu zifatika nimbaraga zisanzwe zikoreshwa hamwe nigihe gito cyo gusohora ariko inshuro nyinshi yo gukora.

3. Uruhande rwabakoresha
Uruhande rwumukoresha ni itumanaho ryo gukoresha amashanyarazi, kandi uyikoresha niwe ukoresha kandi ukoresha amashanyarazi.Igiciro ninjiza yumuriro wamashanyarazi nogukwirakwiza no gukwirakwiza bigaragazwa muburyo bwigiciro cyamashanyarazi, gihinduka mubiciro byumukoresha.Kubwibyo, urwego rwibiciro byamashanyarazi bizagira ingaruka kubakoresha..
Umukoresha igihe-cyo-gukoresha ibiciro byamashanyarazi

Urwego rw'amashanyarazi rugabanya amasaha 24 kuri 24 mugihe cyigihe kinini nko hejuru, hejuru, no hasi, kandi rushyiraho ibiciro bitandukanye byamashanyarazi kuri buri gihe, aricyo gihe cyo gukoresha-amashanyarazi.Umukoresha igihe-cyo-gukoresha-gucunga ibiciro byamashanyarazi bisa nigihe cyo guhinduranya ingufu, itandukaniro gusa nuko abakoresha igihe-cyo-gukoresha-gucunga ibiciro byamashanyarazi bishingiye kumwanya-wo gukoresha ibiciro byamashanyarazi kugirango uhindure umutwaro w'amashanyarazi, mugihe ingufu igihe-guhinduranya ni uguhindura amashanyarazi ukurikije imbaraga zumutwaro.

Gucunga Ubushobozi

igihugu cyanjye gishyira mu bikorwa gahunda y'ibiciro bibiri by'amashanyarazi ku nganda nini mu nganda zitanga amashanyarazi: igiciro cy'amashanyarazi bivuga igiciro cy'amashanyarazi cyishyurwa ukurikije amashanyarazi nyirizina, kandi ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi ahanini bushingiye ku gaciro gakomeye k'umukoresha. gukoresha ingufu.Ubushobozi bwo gucunga ibiciro bivuga kugabanya ikiguzi cyubushobozi mukugabanya gukoresha ingufu nyinshi bitagize ingaruka kumusaruro usanzwe.Abakoresha barashobora gukoresha sisitemu yo kubika ingufu kugirango babike ingufu mugihe gito cyo gukoresha amashanyarazi no gusohora umutwaro mugihe cyimpera, bityo bikagabanya umutwaro rusange kandi ukagera kumigambi yo kugabanya ibiciro byubushobozi.

Kuzamura ingufu z'amashanyarazi

Bitewe nuburyo butandukanye bwimikorere yimikorere ya sisitemu yingufu hamwe no kudahuza umurongo wibikoresho, imbaraga zabonetse kumukoresha zifite ibibazo nka voltage nimpinduka zubu cyangwa gutandukana kwinshuro.Muri iki gihe, ubwiza bwimbaraga ni bubi.Sisitemu yumurongo wa modulisiyo hamwe nimbaraga zingirakamaro nuburyo bwo kuzamura ubwiza bwamashanyarazi kuruhande rwamashanyarazi no gukwirakwiza no gukwirakwiza.Kuruhande rwabakoresha, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu irashobora kandi koroshya imbaraga za voltage hamwe nihindagurika ryinshuro, nko gukoresha ububiko bwingufu kugirango ukemure ibibazo nkizamuka rya voltage, dip, na flicker muri sisitemu yagabanijwe.Kuzamura ubuziranenge bwimbaraga nubusanzwe imbaraga zikoreshwa.Isoko ryihariye ryo gusohora hamwe ninshuro zikorwa ziratandukanye ukurikije ibintu bifatika bifatika, ariko muri rusange igihe cyo gusubiza kirasabwa kuba kurwego rwa milisegonda.

Kunoza amashanyarazi

Ububiko bw'ingufu bukoreshwa mugutezimbere kwizerwa rya micro-grid amashanyarazi, bivuze ko mugihe habaye ikibazo cyo kubura amashanyarazi, ububiko bwingufu bushobora gutanga ingufu zabitswe kubakoresha amaherezo, birinda guhagarika amashanyarazi mugihe cyo gusana amakosa, no kwemeza ko amashanyarazi yizewe .Ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu muriyi porogaramu bigomba kuba byujuje ibisabwa byujuje ubuziranenge kandi byizewe, kandi igihe cyihariye cyo gusohora kijyanye ahanini n’ahantu hashyizwe.