Uburyo bwo kubika ingufu burashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: shyirwa hagati kandi bitangwa. Kwiyoroshya gusobanukirwa, ibyo bita "ububiko bwingufu bwingufu" bisobanura "Gushyira amagi yose mu gitebo kimwe", kandi wuzuze ibikoresho byinshi bibika bateri kugirango bigere ku ntego yububiko bwingufu; "Gukwirakwiza ububiko bw'ingufu" bisobanura "Gushyira amagi mu gitebo kimwe", ibikoresho byinshi byo kubika ingufu bigabanijwemo module, hamwe n'ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu hamwe n'ubushobozi bujyanye nabyo mu gihe cyoherejwe.
Gukwirakwiza ububiko bwingufu, rimwe na rimwe byitwa kubakoresha ingufu zumukoresha, bishimangira ibintu byukoresha ibikoresho byububiko bwingufu. Usibye kubika ingufu zabakoresha, hari byinshi bizwi cyane hamwe nububiko bwingufu. Abafite inganda n'abacuruzi n'abo bashinzwe urugo ni amatsinda abiri y'abakiriya bo mu bubiko bw'ingufu mu bubiko bw'ingufu, kandi intego yabo nyamukuru yo gukoresha imikorere myiza y'ingufu ni ugukoresha ibikorwa byiza, ubushobozi bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi, ubushobozi ikiguzi nibindi. Ibinyuranye, uruhande rwububasha nirwo rukemura ahanini kugirango ukemure ibiyobyabwenge bishya, ibisohoka neza hamwe namabwiriza make; Mugihe uruhande rwinyamanswa cyane cyane kugirango ukemure serivisi zubufasha zamabwiriza yintoki hamwe namabwiriza make, kugabanya umurongo wiyongera, kwishoramari kumashanyarazi no gutangira umukara.
Dukurikije uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho no gutanga, kubera imbaraga nyinshi zikunze gukoreshwa ibikoresho, guhagarika imbaraga birasabwa mugihe cyo kohereza kurubuga rwabakiriya. Kugirango tutagomba kugira ingaruka kumikorere isanzwe cyangwa inyubako zubucuruzi, abakora ibikoresho byingufu bakeneye kubaka nijoro, kandi igihe cyo kubaka kizakurwa. Igiciro nacyo cyiyongereyeho, ariko koherezwa kubika ingufu zakwirakwijwe birahinduka kandi ikiguzi kiri munsi. Byongeye kandi, gukoresha neza ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu biri hejuru. Ibisohoka imbaraga zo kubika ingufu zingana ni hafi ya kilowatts, hamwe nububasha bwinjiza abahindura abantu benshi mubikorwa byinganda nubucuruzi ni 630 Kilowatts. Ibi bivuze ko nyuma yigikoresho cyo kubika ingufu cyingufu cyahujwe, ahanini bikubiyemo ubushobozi bwuzuye, mugihe umutwaro uhinduranya muri rusange 40% -50%, mubyukuri ikoresha kilowat ya 200- 300, itera imyanda myinshi. Gukwirakwiza ububiko bwingufu birashobora kugabana buri tulowa 100 muburyo bwa module, hanyuma ushyireho umubare wa module ukurikije ibikenewe byabakiriya, kugirango ibikoresho bigerweho byimazeyo.
Kumyanya, parike yinganda, amashanyarazi, inyubako zubucuruzi, ibigo byubucuruzi, nibindi, kubika ububiko bwingufu birakenewe. Bafite ahanini bafite ubwoko butatu bwibikenewe:
Iya mbere nigiciro cyo kugabanya ibintu byinshi byo gukoresha ingufu. Amashanyarazi nikintu kinini cyinganda zinganda nubucuruzi. Igiciro cyamashanyarazi kubigo byamakuru kuri 60% -70% byamafaranga yo gukora. Nkuko itandukaniro-riva-ikibaya mubiciro byamashanyarazi ryagutse, aya masosiyete azashobora kugabanya ibiciro byamashanyarazi ahindura impinga yo kuzuza ibibaya.
Iya kabiri ni ihuriro ryizuba nububiko kugirango wongere igipimo cyamashanyarazi yicyatsi. Igiciro cya karubone cyashyizweho n'umuryango w'ubumwe bw'ibihugu by'Uburayi kizatera inganda zikomeye zo mu rugo guhangana n'ibiciro binini byiyongera iyo binjiye ku isoko ry'Uburayi. Buri muhuza muri sisitemu yo kubyara umusaruro winganda uzakenera amashanyarazi yicyatsi, nigiciro cyo kugura amashanyarazi atari gito, bityo umubare munini wuruganda rwo hanze ni ukubakwa + wenyine.
Iheruka kwaguka, zikoreshwa cyane mu kwishyuza ibirundo, cyane cyane ibirundo byihuse hamwe nishusho y'uruganda. Mu mwaka wa 2012, imbaraga zo kwishyuza ibinyabiziga bishya byibasiye ibinyabiziga 60, kandi ahanini byiyongereye kugera ku ya 120 ku ya none, kandi bigenda ugana ku ya 360 kw super yishyuza cyane. Kurema icyerekezo. Muri iki gihe cyo kwishyuza, supermarket isanzwe cyangwa sitasiyo zishyuza ntabwo zifite impinduka zinyuranye ziboneka kurwego rwa gride, kuko zirimo kwagura gride, bityo igomba gusimburwa nububiko bwingufu.
Iyo igiciro cyamashanyarazi ari gito, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu irashyurwa; Iyo igiciro cyamashanyarazi ari kinini, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu irasezererwa. Muri ubu buryo, abakoresha barashobora kwifashisha itandukaniro mumikino y'amashanyarazi n'ibibaya kubahamagarira. Abakoresha bigabanya ikiguzi cyo gukoresha amashanyarazi, kandi grid yubutegetsi nayo igabanya igitutu cyamashanyarazi nyayo. Nibisobanuro byibanze byerekana amasoko na politiki ahantu hatandukanye biteza imbere ububiko bwingufu. Muri 2022, ibipimo by'ingufu z'Ubushinwa bizagera kuri 7.76gw / 16.43gw, ariko mu bijyanye no gukwirakwiza umurima, umukoresha-kuruhande ububiko bwingufu gusa kuri 10% yubushobozi bwuzuye bwa Grid. Kubwibyo, mubihe byashize byabantu benshi, kuvuga ibijyanye no kubika ingufu bigomba kuba "umushinga munini" ufite ishoramari rya miriyoni ebyiri, ariko zijyanye no kubika ingufu zabakoresha, zifitanye isano rya bugufi no kubaho kwabo . Ibi bihe bizatezwa imbere no kwaguka kwamashanyarazi amoko ya hubatswe-ikibaya no kongera inkunga ya politiki.
Igihe cya nyuma: Aug-23-2023