Uburyo bwo kubika ingufu burashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: byegeranye kandi bikwirakwizwa.Kugira ngo byoroherezwe gusobanukirwa, icyo bita "kubika ingufu zishyizwe hamwe" bisobanura "gushyira amagi yose mu gitebo kimwe", no kuzuza ikintu kinini na bateri zibika ingufu kugirango ugere ku ntego yo kubika ingufu;"Gukwirakwiza ingufu zagabanijwe" bisobanura "Shyira amagi mu gitebo kimwe", ibikoresho binini byo kubika ingufu bigabanijwemo modul nyinshi, kandi ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu bifite ubushobozi bujyanye nabyo byashyizweho ukurikije ibisabwa nyirizina mugihe cyoherejwe.
Ikwirakwizwa ryingufu zagabanijwe, rimwe na rimwe ryitwa kubika ingufu-kuruhande rwububiko, bushimangira imikoreshereze yububiko bwingufu.Usibye kubika ingufu zabakoresha kuruhande, hariho byinshi bizwi cyane-kuruhande rwimbaraga na grid-side.Abafite inganda n’ubucuruzi n’abakoresha urugo ni amatsinda abiri yibanze yabakiriya yo kubika ingufu kuruhande rwabakoresha, kandi intego yabo nyamukuru yo gukoresha ububiko bwingufu ni ugukina imirimo yubuziranenge bwamashanyarazi, kugarura ibintu byihutirwa, igihe-cyo gukoresha ibiciro byamashanyarazi, ubushobozi igiciro n'ibindi.Ibinyuranye, uruhande rwingufu nugukemura cyane cyane gukoresha ingufu nshya, gusohora neza no kugenzura inshuro;mugihe uruhande rwamashanyarazi arirwo gukemura cyane cyane serivisi zifasha zo kugenzura impinga no kugenzura inshuro, kugabanya umurongo wumurongo, kugarura amashanyarazi no gutangira umukara.
Urebye kwishyiriraho no gutangiza, bitewe nimbaraga nini ugereranije nibikoresho bya kontineri, umuriro w'amashanyarazi urasabwa mugihe woherejwe kurubuga rwabakiriya.Kugirango bitagira ingaruka ku mikorere isanzwe yinganda cyangwa inyubako zubucuruzi, abakora ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu bakeneye kubaka nijoro, kandi igihe cyo kubaka kizongerwa.Igiciro nacyo cyiyongereye uko bikwiye, ariko kohereza kubika ingufu zagabanijwe biroroshye guhinduka kandi ikiguzi ni gito.Byongeye kandi, gukoresha neza ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu byagabanijwe ni byinshi.Imbaraga zisohoka mubikoresho binini byo kubika ingufu za kontineri hafi ya kilowati 500, kandi imbaraga zinjiza zahinduwe na transformateur nyinshi mubikorwa byinganda nubucuruzi ni kilowati 630.Ibi bivuze ko nyuma yububiko bwibikoresho bikomatanyirijwe hamwe bihujwe, ahanini bikubiyemo ubushobozi bwose bwa transformateur, mugihe umutwaro wa transformateur usanzwe ari 40% -50%, ibyo bikaba bihwanye nigikoresho cya kilowatt 500, mubyukuri gusa ikoresha kilowati 200- 300, itera imyanda myinshi.Ikwirakwizwa ryingufu zishobora kugabanwa kilowatt 100 muri module, kandi igakoresha umubare uhwanye na module ukurikije ibyo abakiriya bakeneye, kugirango ibikoresho bizakoreshwa neza.
Ku nganda, parike yinganda, sitasiyo zishyuza, inyubako zubucuruzi, ibigo byamakuru, nibindi, kubika ingufu birakenewe gusa.Bafite ahanini ubwoko butatu bwibikenewe:
Iya mbere ni igabanuka ryibiciro byo gukoresha ingufu nyinshi.Amashanyarazi nikintu kinini cyigiciro cyinganda nubucuruzi.Igiciro cyamashanyarazi kubigo byamakuru bingana na 60% -70% yikiguzi cyo gukora.Mugihe itandukaniro riri hagati yikibaya n’ibiciro by’amashanyarazi ryagutse, ayo masosiyete azashobora kugabanya cyane ibiciro by’amashanyarazi ahindura impinga kugirango yuzuze ibibaya.
Iya kabiri ni uguhuza izuba nububiko kugirango byongere igipimo cyimikoreshereze yicyatsi kibisi.Igiciro cya karubone cyashyizweho n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi kizatera inganda zikomeye zo mu gihugu guhura n’igiciro kinini iyo zinjiye ku isoko ry’Uburayi.Ihuriro ryose muri sisitemu yo kubyaza umusaruro urwego rwinganda ruzaba rukeneye amashanyarazi yicyatsi, kandi ikiguzi cyo kugura amashanyarazi yicyatsi ntabwo ari gito, kubwibyo umubare munini wo hanze Uruganda rwubaka "gukwirakwiza fotovoltaque + ikwirakwiza ububiko bw'ingufu" yonyine.
Icya nyuma ni kwagura transformateur, ikoreshwa cyane cyane mukuzuza ibirundo, cyane cyane ibirundo byihuta byihuta hamwe nu ruganda.Muri 2012, ingufu zo kwishyiriraho ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu zishyuza ibirundo byari 60 kWt, kandi muri rusange byiyongereye kugera kuri 120 kuri ubu, kandi bigenda byerekeza kuri 360 kwihuta cyane.Iterambere ry'icyerekezo.Muri ubwo bubasha bwo kwishyuza, supermarket zisanzwe cyangwa sitasiyo zishyuza ntabwo zifite impinduka zirenze urugero ziboneka kurwego rwa gride, kuko zirimo kwagura imashini ya gride, bityo igomba gusimburwa nububiko bwingufu.
Iyo igiciro cyamashanyarazi ari gito, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu irishyurwa;iyo igiciro cyamashanyarazi ari kinini, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu zirasohoka.Muri ubu buryo, abakoresha barashobora kwifashisha itandukaniro ryibiciro byamashanyarazi yibibaya no mubibaya kugirango bakemure.Abakoresha bagabanya ikiguzi cyo gukoresha amashanyarazi, kandi gride yamashanyarazi nayo igabanya umuvuduko wumuriro wigihe.Ngiyo logique y'ibanze amasoko na politiki ahantu hatandukanye biteza imbere abakoresha-kubika ingufu.Mu 2022, Ubushinwa bubika ingufu za gride ihuza ingufu bizagera kuri 7.76GW / 16.43GWh, ariko kubijyanye no gukwirakwiza imirima ikoreshwa, kubika ingufu zabakoresha kuruhande bingana na 10% yubushobozi bwa gride yose.Kubwibyo, mubihe byashize abantu benshi, kuvuga kubijyanye no kubika ingufu bigomba kuba "umushinga munini" ushora imari miriyoni icumi, ariko ntibazi bike kubijyanye no kubika ingufu zabakoresha kuruhande, bifitanye isano cyane numusaruro wabo nubuzima bwabo. .Iki kibazo kizanozwa no kwaguka gutandukanya ibiciro by’amashanyarazi kugera ku kibaya no kongera inkunga ya politiki.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-23-2023